Tibiofemoral movement 1: the shapes and relative movements of the femur and tibia in the unloaded cadaver knee

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volumeVol. 82-B, No. 8 ResearchFree AccessTibiofemoral movement 1: the shapes and relative movements of the femur and tibia in the unloaded cadaver kneeH. Iwaki, V. Pinskerova, M. A. R. FreemanH. IwakiOrthopaedic SurgeonSearch for more papers by this author, V. PinskerovaConsultant Orthopaedic SurgeonSearch for more papers by this author, M. A. R. FreemanHonorary Consultant Orthopaedic SurgeonSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Nov 2000https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.82B8.0821189AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to FavouritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail AbstractIn six unloaded cadaver knees we used MRI to determine the shapes of the articular surfaces and their relative movements. These were confirmed by dissection.Medially, the femoral condyle in sagittal section is composed of the arcs of two circles and that of the tibia of two angled flats. The anterior facets articulate in extension. At about 20° the femur ‘rocks’ to articulate through the posterior facets. The medial femoral condyle does not move anteroposteriorly with flexion to 110°.Laterally, the femoral condyle is composed entirely, or almost entirely, of a single circular facet similar in radius and arc to the posterior medial facet. The tibia is roughly flat. The femur tends to roll backwards with flexion.The combination during flexion of no antero-posterior movement medially (i.e., sliding) and backward rolling (combined with sliding) laterally equates to internal rotation of the tibia around a medial axis with flexion. About 5° of this rotation may be obligatory from 0° to 10° flexion; thereafter little rotation occurs to at least 45°. Total rotation at 110° is about 20°, most if not all of which can be suppressed by applying external rotation to the tibia at 90°.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byTKA BalancingIncreased lateral and medial femoral posterior radius ratios are risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury5 February 2022 | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, Vol. 23, No. 1Early outcomes using a ‘kinematic retaining’ total knee replacement – A multicentre prospective study at two years follow-upThe Knee, Vol. 39Pain, balance, and mobility in people 1 year after total knee arthroplasty: a non-randomized cross-sectional pilot study contrasting posterior-stabilized and medial-pivot designs28 June 2022 | Pilot and Feasibility Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1Bio-inspired design of a self-aligning, lightweight, and highly-compliant cable-driven knee exoskeleton7 November 2022 | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol. 16Interpretation of natural tibio-femoral kinematics critically depends upon the kinematic analysis approach: A survey and comparison of methodologiesJournal of Biomechanics, Vol. 144In vivo kinematic comparison of medial pivot total knee arthroplasty in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing deep knee bendingClinical Biomechanics, Vol. 99Modified Whiteside’s Line-Based Transepicondylar Axis for Imageless Total Knee Arthroplasty7 October 2022 | Mathematics, Vol. 10, No. 19Agreement Between Two Methods for Computing the Anterior–Posterior Positions of Native Femoral Condyles Using Three-Dimensional Bone Models With and Without Articular Cartilage and Smoothing30 March 2022 | Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 144, No. 9Influence of Bone Morphology on In Vivo Tibio-Femoral Kinematics in Healthy Knees during Gait Activities30 August 2022 | Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 17Outcomes are Better With a Medial-Stabilized vs a Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Implanted With Kinematic AlignmentThe Journal of Arthroplasty, Vol. 37, No. 8Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Adjusted Restricted Kinematic Alignment for the Treatment of Severe Varus Deformity: Technical Note29 June 2022 | Orthopaedic Surgery, Vol. 14, No. 8Digital Magnetic Tensor Sensor With ANN Measurement Model for Human Joint Motion Sensing in Sagittal PlaneIEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Vol. 27, No. 4A Morphometric Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Can Reproduce Normal Knee Kinematics. 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