脂质A
脂多糖
细菌外膜
细菌
糖脂
细菌细胞结构
脂质Ⅱ
生物化学
生物合成
低聚糖
革兰氏阴性菌
化学
生物
细胞生物学
微生物学
大肠杆菌
基因
内分泌学
遗传学
作者
Chris Whitfield,M. Stephen Trent
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060713-035600
摘要
Lipopolysaccharide molecules represent a unique family of glycolipids based on a highly conserved lipid moiety known as lipid A. These molecules are produced by most gram-negative bacteria, in which they play important roles in the integrity of the outer-membrane permeability barrier and participate extensively in host–pathogen interplay. Few bacteria contain lipopolysaccharide molecules composed only of lipid A. In most forms, lipid A is glycosylated by addition of the core oligosaccharide that, in some bacteria, provides an attachment site for a long-chain O-antigenic polysaccharide. The complexity of lipopolysaccharide structures is reflected in the processes used for their biosynthesis and export. Rapid growth and cell division depend on the bacterial cell's capacity to synthesize and export lipopolysaccharide efficiently and in large amounts. We review recent advances in those processes, emphasizing the reactions that are essential for viability.
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