Cation only conduction in new polymer–SiO2 nanohybrids: Na+ electrolytes

Hybrid nanoparticles are functionalized with delocalized covalent anions to form poly-salts for novel electrolytes for use in Li-ion or Na-ion batteries. These redox- and hydrolysis- stable electrolytes can avoid concentration gradients and still maintain the mechanical advantage of nanofillers with conductivities of around 10−5 S cm−1 at 25 °C.