血液学
地图集（解剖学）
免疫系统
内科学
医学
肿瘤科
病理
免疫学
解剖
作者
Tao Xia,Keyu Li,Nan Niu,Yingkuan Shao,Ding Ding,Dwayne L. Thomas,Jing Hao,Kenji Fujiwara,Hai‐Jie Hu,Arsen Osipov,Chunhui Yuan,Christopher L. Wolfgang,Elizabeth D. Thompson,Robert A. Anders,Jin He,Yiping Mou,Adrian Murphy,Lei Zheng
标识
DOI：10.1186/s13045-022-01253-z
摘要
Immunotherapy has demonstrated a limited clinical efficacy in approximately 5% of cholangiocarcinoma. The main challenges for an effective immunotherapy response in cholangiocarcinoma arise from the tumor microenvironment, which is poorly understood.
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(2025-6-4)
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