Speciesism and Preference of Human–Artificial Intelligence Interaction: A Study on Medical Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the medical industry in the decade. It is critical to integrate human–computer interaction into daily clinic service and further increase the public acceptance of medical AI. Based on self-categorization theory, our research draws on speciesism as a vital cognitive factor to examine how patients' speciesism affects their acceptance of medical AI in different roles. The study adopted a positivist research paradigm by examining 249 samples of data collected during COVID-19 in China. The results indicate that patients with higher speciesism tend to have lower acceptance of medical AI in an independent role but higher acceptance in an assistive role. Furthermore, we verified the mediating effect of human–computer trust and the positive moderating role of human uniqueness perception. This article expands the practicality of speciesism from human–animal relationships into human–AI relationships and contributes to human–computer interaction from the perspective of medical AI acceptance.