Integrating Cloud and Fog Technologies with IoT to Create Smart Agriculture

Not long ago, there was a move from traditional farming to smart farming, which depended on data and communication technologies to boost crop output and quality. One of the main technologies that have contributed to the existence of smart agriculture is the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things technology faced many challenges, so cloud computing was proposed as a complement, yet there were some shortcomings. Fog computing technology was introduced to overcome the shortcomings of integrating the Internet of Things and cloud technology. This paper defines and studies IoT, cloud and fog technologies. They are utilized to implement a smart agricultural system consisting of three layers interacting with each other to manage, monitor, and control the agricultural environment. The implemented system has been deployed and tested on a small farm, which can be controlled remotely to observe the humidity of the soil and notify the user of any hazard, such as fire.