Toward carbon–neutral transportation electrification: a comprehensive and systematic review of eco-driving for electric vehicles

In order to forward the development of transportation electrification and reach the goal of carbon neutrality, eco-driving techniques for electric vehicles (EVs) are widely concerned and studied due to their environmental and energy sustainability. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of eco-driving techniques for EVs with the aim of offering valuable ideas and feasible solutions for the researchers who are interested or engaged in this field. In this context, the primary factors, scenarios and executable methods of eco-driving for EVs are reviewed. Moreover, through performing statistics and analysis on a large amount of literature, the energy gains for different factors and scenes are quantified. In addition to classical scenarios, emerging eco-driving scenarios - wireless charging lanes are extensively summarized, and diverse executable methods varying from optimal control to reinforcement learning are analyzed and compared. Finally, according to the above-stated overview, research gaps are identified and recommendations are given for future research to address the unresolved gaps.