MSDformer: Multiscale Deformable Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution

Deep learning-based hyperspectral image super-resolution (SR) methods have achieved remarkable success, which can improve the spatial resolution of hyperspectral images with abundant spectral information. However, most of them utilize 2D or 3D convolutions to extract local features while ignoring the rich global spatial-spectral information. In this paper, we propose a novel method called the Multi-Scale Deformable Transformer (MSDformer) for single hyperspectral image super-resolution (SR). The proposed method incorporates the strengths of the convolutional neural network for local spatial-spectral information and the Transformer structure for global spatial-spectral information. Specifically, a multi-scale spectral attention module based on dilated convolution is designed to extract local multi-scale spatial-spectral information, which leverages shared module parameters to exploit the intrinsic spatial redundancy and spectral attention mechanism to accentuate the subtle differences between different spectral groups. Then a deformable convolution-based Transformer module is proposed to further extract the global spatial-spectral information from the local multi-scale features of the previous stage, which can explore the diverse long-range dependencies among all spectral bands. Extensive experiments on three hyperspectral datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves excellent SR performance and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of quantitative quality and visual results. The code is available at https://github.com/Tomchenshi/MSDformer.git.