A photoelectrochemical sensor of g-C3N4 QDs with synergistical sensitization by rGO and hemicucurbit[12]uril for detection of chloramphenicol

A novel photoelectrochemical sensor was constructed by ternary layer-by-layer composites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-C3N4 QDs), and hemicucurbit[12]uril (HemiQ[12]), on the Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) piece in sequence. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to confirm the successful assembly of the sandwich electrode, and the functionalization of each layer was explored by comparing of the currents with stepwise coating of the materials to achieve the synergistic enhancement of photoelectrochemical intensity. The application of proposed electrode was achieved by ultrasensitive sensing for chloramphenicol (CAP), which provided a limit of detection low to 0.089 nM, with high selectivity, good reproducibility and stability. The acceptable recoveries for the determination of CAP in real samples of honey and milk illustrated the feasibility of the established analytical method.