Home monitoring in asthma: towards digital twins

We highlight the recent advances in home monitoring of patients with asthma, and show that these advances converge towards the implementation of digital twin systems.Connected devices for asthma are increasingly numerous, reliable and effective: new electronic monitoring devices extend to nebulizers and spacers, are able to assess the quality of the inhalation technique, and to identify asthma attack triggers when they include a geolocation function; environmental data can be acquired from databases and refined by wearable air quality sensors; smartwatches are better validated. Connected devices are increasingly integrated into global monitoring systems. At the same time, machine learning techniques open up the possibility of using the large amount of data collected to obtain a holistic assessment of asthma patients, and social robots and virtual assistants can help patients in the daily management of their asthma.Advances in the internet of things, machine learning techniques and digital patient support tools for asthma are paving the way for a new era of research on digital twins in asthma.