Exploring the potential of quantum dots and plasmonic nanoparticles for imaging and phototherapy in colorectal neoplasia

The global burden of colorectal cancer is significant and the limitations of conventional treatments like radiotherapy and chemotherapy require novel approaches to manage the colorectal neoplasia. This review explores the theranostic integration of quantum dots and plasmonic nanoparticles and its potential in overcoming the challenges of diagnosing and treating colorectal neoplasia. Quantum dots (QDs) facilitate fluorescence imaging and targeted delivery, enabling precise detection and localized therapy because of QD's unique optoelectronic properties. Furthermore, their potential to improve targeted cancer cell destruction while protecting normal tissue can be observed in their utilization in photodynamic therapy. Plasmonic nanoparticles are a non-invasive approach to tumour ablation which induces a photothermal effect by leveraging localized surface plasmon resonance. A theranostic platform that incorporates QDs and plasmonic nanoparticles can provide simultaneous imaging and treatment capabilities, facilitating real-time monitoring of treatment response and improved therapeutic outcomes with minimized side effects. However, QDs and plasmonic nanoparticles have several challenges related to the nanoparticle design, biocompatibility and lack of clinical translation. By overcoming these challenges, the full potential of the theranostic integration can be realized. This review highlights opportunities for further study and development while underscoring the promising role of theranostic integration in transforming the therapy of colorectal neoplasia.