Flaxseed Peptides and Cyclolinopeptides: A Critical Review on Proteomic Approaches, Biological Activity, and Future Perspectives

Linusorbs (LOs) and peptides from flaxseed protein have documented biological activity, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunosuppressive activities, but their mechanism and structure-related bioactivity have not been summarized previously. Therefore, this study reviews the structure, composition, bioavailability, and health benefits of flaxseed peptides and LOs as well as peptide generation and LO modification. However, these peptides and LOs are long linear and cyclic structures, which affect the absorption and bioavailability of these substances in living beings and, thus, impair their overall efficiency and pharmacological effectiveness. Therefore, the development of novel strategies for optimizing the bioavailability of these peptide compounds is critical to ensure their successful application and delivery to the target sites via specially designed methods that will significantly improve their in vivo concentration and also investigate the structure-related activity of distinct amino acid and functional groups in physiological activity. Additionally, these native peptides and their analogues can be used as scaffolds for the production of antibodies.