Improving the electrochemical properties of a SiO@C/graphite composite anode for high-energy lithium-ion batteries by adding lithium fluoride

Silicon monoxide has attracted wide interest as a negative material for lithium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity. Moreover, in this paper, lithium fluoride serves as an additive, which can improve the initial coulombic efficiency of silicon monoxide-based electrodes. This work develops a simple two-step method to prepare a lithium fluoride-modified [email protected]/graphite composite as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. First, [email protected] is prepared via a chemical vapor deposition method; then, [email protected]/graphite-LiF is obtained by mixing [email protected], graphite and LiF in a stirrer. The phase composition, particle appearance and electrochemical properties of the [email protected]/graphite-LiF composites are characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge and discharge analyses. The [email protected]/graphite-7.5% LiF composite shows a high capacity retention rate of over 91% after 100 cycles. The capacity of [email protected]/graphite-LiF is close to 200 mAh g−1 at 3.2 A g−1, which is much higher than that of [email protected]/graphite (only 21 mAh g−1). This result is mainly because Li ion transport is improved during the lithiation/delithiation process and stabilizes the solid electrolyte interface layer due to lithium fluoride addition. The encouraging results suggest that adding lithium fluoride to SiO-based materials is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical properties and can be applied to high-energy storage systems.