Are digital technologies an effective inhibitor of depression among middle-aged and older adults? Micro-level evidence from a panel study

The increased number of middle-aged and older adults leads to depression in this stratum of the population as a topical social and public health issue. However, the new generation of information technologies has exerted a profound impact on the lives of middle-aged and older adults, and offers potential solutions for alleviating their depression. This study utilizes data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) collected between 2011 and 2018 and combines them with city-level traits. The results demonstrate that digital technology can reduce depression levels effectively in this group. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital technology could improve life satisfaction and subjective health status levels, which, in turn, reduces depression levels. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive effects of digital technology on depression were more pronounced among middle-aged and older adults with urban household registration compared to the rural population. Finally, recommendations are provided for reducing depression levels among middle-aged and older adults.