材料科学
中间相
基质(水族馆)
蒸发
薄膜
波长
各向异性
相(物质)
化学物理
表面能
有机电子学
光学
光电子学
纳米技术
液晶
复合材料
热力学
晶体管
有机化学
海洋学
物理
化学
电压
量子力学
地质学
作者
Jinde Yu,Zichao Shen,Wanlong Lu,Yuanwei Zhu,Yixin Liu,Dieter Neher,Norbert Koch,Guanghao Lu
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202302089
摘要
Abstract Organic thin films deposited from solution attract wide interest for next‐generation (opto‐)electronic and energy applications. During solvent evaporation, the phase evolution dynamics for different components at different locations are not synchronic within the incrementally concentrated liquid films, determining the final anisotropic morphology and performance. Herein, by examining tens of widely investigated optoelectronic organic films, the general existence of composition wave propagating along the surface‐normal direction upon solidification is identified. The composition wave is initiated by a few nanometers thick surface mesophase kinetically forming at the foremost stage of phase transition, and afterward propagates toward the substrate during solvent evaporation. The composition waves exhibit well‐defined wave properties, including spatial wavelength, period, amplitude, and propagation velocity. These wave properties are closely correlated with the evaporation rate and the diffusion rate of organic molecules, which determines the dynamically varied local composition gradient along the surface‐normal direction. Such composition waves are commonly found for more than 80% of randomly examined solution‐processed thin films for high‐performance organic electronic devices including photovoltaic cells and field‐effect transistors.
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