Isolation, purification, characterization and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from Dictyophora rubrovalvata waste

Enhancing waste utilization and reducing environmental pollution through edible mushroom waste, the research on extracting functional factors with biological activity from mushroom waste has attracted much attention in recent years. The immune activation effect of DRP-B (6.75 × 103 kDa) on RAW264.7 macrophages was studied for the first time. DRP-B was characterized by infrared, methylation and nuclear magnetism. Glucose and mannose were the major components of DRP-B. In addition, DRP-B had a significant promoting effect on macrophages, and boosted cell growth, engulfment, generation of nitric oxide, and release of cytokines in a manner that depended on the dosage. Western blotting results showed that the treated macrophages increased the expression of PI3K and nuclear translocation of p65, and signals from TLR-4 were activated. Based on these findings, DRP-B was considered for use in functional foods as an immunomodulatory agent. It was concluded that agricultural waste could be utilized for extracting active substances as well as for managing green wastes at value-added levels.