Hots-link mobile learning application: Instrument validity using Borich's percentage of agreement

Many HOTS-based mobile learning applications should be validated to be a reliable HOTS-learning medium. This study aimed to describe an instrument validity that could be used to assess the developed HOTS-Link mobile learning application. This study used a descriptive-qualitative research approach with an FGD research design. There were nine ratters whose expertise was Biology education chosen purposely and asked to validate the instrument. A validation sheet consisting of 63 questions with a four-point Likert scale divided into three domains namely instruction, design, and engagement. The obtained data were analyzed using Borich's inter-observer agreement to determine instrument reliability. Results depicted that 56 questions showed more than 75% of Borich's percentage of agreement, whereas, the other 7 questions were less than 75% of Borich's percentage of agreement. This study implies that the instrument consisting of 56 questions can be used as the validity instrument by not involving the extraneous 7. This study could be the reference for further research about developing valid and reliable instruments to assess HOTS-based mobile learning applications.