Understanding land surface temperature impact factors based on local climate zones

The local climate zone (LCZ) and land surface temperature (LST) have gained considerable attention as urbanization continues to increase. However, the study of LSTs lacks a regional complexity perspective. In order to explore the law of urban thermal environment, impact factors of LSTs are identified using GIS spatial analysis and statistical analysis methods in conjunction with parameter models that reflect urban spatial morphologies on the LCZ scale. The research results show that the LST ranges from 24.90 °C (LCZA) to 33.26 °C (LCZ2) in the summer of 2017 and from 2.53 °C (LCZ7) to 2.89 °C (LCZ3) in winter; LST ranged from 22.00 °C (LCZ2) to 28.19 °C (LCZE) in summer 2019, and from -4.79 °C (LCZ10) to -2.12 °C (LCZ3) in winter. Different LCZs had different impacts on LSTs. LST is always positively correlated with the floor area ratio, with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.682 in LCZ2. It exhibits the highest positive correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.421) with average building height in LCZ3 and the highest negative correlation (correlation coefficient = -0.706) in LCZ7; vegetation and water bodies have a cooling effect. These results can serve as a valuable reference for building cool communities and improving the living environment of residents.