Vitamin K in human health and metabolism: A nutri-genomics review

Vitamins play an essential role in various physiological and biological processes, and their deficiency causes several health consequences in humans. Unlike vitamins A, B, C, D, E, the vitamin K (VK) deficiency is not dealt with profusely keeping in view of its inherent dietary sources and its health implications in human physiology such as blood coagulation. The VK family belongs to a variety of distinct subtypes in the length of side chains composed of isoprenoid families, and is important for various biological functions while much of the behaviour is not unknown. In the recent past, a lot of knowledge has been derived from the VK deficiency and its comorbidities. This review emphasizes on the nutrigenomics perspective of VK deficiency as we throw light on diagnostic challenges of VK. We highlight the molecular physiological perspectives of VK using systems/nutri-genomics approaches and explore the human health effects of VK deficiency besides giving a gist of food-omics technologies.