Fate and toxicity of emerging pollutants, their metabolites and transformation products in the aquatic environment

There has been a great effort to study the fate, the occurrence and the ecotoxicology of emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment. Recently, several articles have focused on degradation products of emerging pollutants and the study of their toxicological effects. We review the fate and the ecotoxicology of emerging pollutants, especially focusing on their metabolites and transformation products (TPs) in the aquatic environment, including pharmaceuticals, hormones, perfluorinated compounds, by-products of drinking-water disinfection, sunscreens or UV filters, benzotriazoles and naphthalenic acids. We describe analytical methodologies for the quantitative analysis of emerging pollutants, their metabolites, and their TPs in sewage and surface waters, and we give the results of monitoring surveys obtained from the application of these analytical methodologies.