[Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma immune microenvironment and immunotherapy prospects].

The tumor components of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are composed of immune microenvironment of extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells together with a minority of malignant cells. The failure of the therapeutic measures, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, has been linked to the specific immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. By analyzing the components of immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, the mechanism of various components in pancreatic cancer such as highly immunosuppressive, hypoxic and connective tissue hyperplasia can be clarified. New efforts in single-cell profiling will enable a better understanding of the composition of the microenvironment in primary and metastatic PDAC, as well as an understanding of how the microenvironment may respond to novel therapeutic approaches.胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）的肿瘤成分由细胞外基质、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞和免疫细胞组成的免疫微环境及其中的少量恶性肿瘤细胞共同组成。化疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗等一系列治疗措施的失败均与胰腺癌特殊的免疫微环境相关。通过分析胰腺癌免疫微环境的成分，明确各种成分对胰腺癌形成高度免疫抑制、乏氧和促进结缔组织增生等方面的影响，可以进一步了解其在胰腺癌发生及发展中的影响。同时，通过对肿瘤单细胞进行分析研究，可以更好地了解PDAC中免疫微环境的组成特点，以及在目前胰腺癌新治疗措施中免疫微环境的变化特点。.