Platinum Group Elements: Palladium, Iridium, Osmium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium

Chapter 27 Platinum Group Elements: Palladium, Iridium, Osmium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium Alex Lebeau, Alex LebeauSearch for more papers by this author Alex Lebeau, Alex LebeauSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Raymond D. Harbison, Raymond D. HarbisonSearch for more papers by this authorMarie M. Bourgeois, Marie M. BourgeoisSearch for more papers by this authorGiffe T. Johnson, Giffe T. JohnsonSearch for more papers by this author First published: 20 March 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118834015.ch27Citations: 2 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Summary The platinoid metals (interchangeably referred to as the platinum group elements [PGE] or platinum group metals [PGM]) include palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, and ruthenium, and can be found together in nature in various concentrations. This chapter discusses the uses, physical and chemical properties, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicology and mammalian toxicology, sources of exposure, and industrial hygiene of PGE. Members of the PGE share similar physical and chemical properties with each other, including their ability to resist corrosion. Much like platinum, PGE have the potential to sensitize exposed individuals, with degree of toxicity depending on the exact metal and solubility. Palladium compounds have a low to moderate acute oral toxicity and the toxicity depend on their solubility. Iridium, palladium, and ruthenium/rhodium radioisotopes are used in brachytherapy to treat certain forms of cancer, including prostate, breast, and ocular. REFERENCES American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (2012) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs), Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 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