Background: Complex organisms require a sophisticated communication network to maintain circadian rhythmicity. Period (per) gene is an important circadian clock gene in vertebrates, playing important roles in several physiological processes, including locomotor activity, cell growth, reproduction, feeding behavior and hormonal secretion. However, little is known about the genomic structure and function of per gene in fish. Keywords: Circadian rhythm, genomic structure, grass carp, per1 gene, synteny analysis, tissue expression.