Bridging the gap between theory and adoption: A critical review of socio-technical and human-computer interaction studies of fault detection and diagnosis in commercial buildings

Over the past two decades, extensive research has covered various automated fault detection and diagnostic (AFDD) methods. Nonetheless, there are only limited examples where these tools' usability and adoption are investigated. To address this gap, this review paper investigates two main topics that are relevant to AFDD adoption: (1) the socio-technical challenges faced by facility management (FM) organizations that are the primary target of AFDD tools and (2) user testing and human-computer interaction (HCI) based studies of AFDD and other energy information and management technology. We argue that along with the extensive research on AFDD strategies, these two topics are essential to address the challenges of AFDD adoption and to shape the direction of future AFDD research. The available literature suggests a gap in understanding what design elements of novel AFDD tools and techniques lead to industry use and, ultimately, fault correction. Without further advancements toward understanding the practical requirements for AFDD adoption, this gap leaves researchers and the industry with limited knowledge to improve the design of future AFDD tools. To bridge the gap between theory and adoption, we recommend the expanded use of HCI methods in AFDD development to address the socio-technical challenges faced by FM organizations.