The reduction of the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 in granulosa cells is related to the follicular cysts in pigs

Abstract Follicular cysts are a common reproductive disorder in domestic animals that cause considerable economic losses to the farming industry. Effective prevention and treatment methods are lacking because neither the pathogenesis nor formation mechanisms of follicular cysts are well‐understood. In this study, we first investigated the granulosa cells (GCs) of cystic follicles isolated from pigs. We observed a significant reduction in the expression of methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3). Subsequent experiments revealed that METTL3 downregulation in GCs caused a decrease in m 6 A modification of pri‐miR‐21. This reduction further inhibited DGCR8 recognition and binding to pri‐miR‐21, dampening the synthesis of mature miR‐21‐5p. Additionally, the decrease in miR‐21‐5p promotes IL‐1β expression in GCs. Elevated IL‐1β activates the NFκB pathway, in turn upregulating apoptotic genes TNFa and BAX / BCL2 . The subsequent apoptosis of GCs and inhibition of autophagy causes downregulation of CYP19A1 expression. These processes lower oestrogen secretion and contribute to follicular cyst formation. In conclusion, our findings provide a foundation for understanding and further exploring the mechanisms of follicular‐cyst development in farm animals. This work has important implications for treating ovarian disorders in livestock and could potentially be extended to humans.