Seismic damage characteristics of high arch dams under oblique incidence of SV waves

This study investigates the seismic damage characteristics of high arch dams considering the oblique incidence of seismic waves. Based on the dynamic implicit finite element method, a viscous-spring artificial boundary is applied to consider radiation damping of the infinite foundation, the seismic wave input is converted into an equivalent nodal force of the artificial boundary, and the equivalent nodal loads of the wave input under oblique incidence of the SV wave is deduced. Taking JP Ⅰ arch dam as an example, combined with the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model, the nonlinear dynamic response of the dam under 25° oblique incidence of the SV wave is conducted considering the geometrical nonlinearity of contraction joints and the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete materials. Based on the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method, the relative displacement and transverse joint opening are selected as the damage measures for fragility analysis of the arch dam. According to the damage distribution from the analysis of a large number of seismic time-history responses, the damage levels of the arch dam are classified. Three limit states of slight damage, moderate damage and severe damage are proposed for the arch dam. The average responses of the 10 earthquakes are considered as the limit values to quantitatively describe the damage of the arch dam. By fitting the results of incremental dynamic analysis, the seismic probabilistic demand model and seismic fragility curves for the two response quantities to predict the probability of the arch dam reaching damage levels under different seismic actions have been established. The fragility curve shows that the probability of severe damage is almost zero under the maximum design earthquake (PGA = 0.1971 g) and less than 5% under the maximum credible earthquake (PGA = 0.2299 g). It is concluded that JP Ⅰ arch dam has a high degree of safety redundancy and fully satisfies the “two levels” design requirements.