Near infrared responsive nitric oxide and carbon monoxide nanoplatform for synergistic photodynamic therapy against periodontitis

Periodontitis is a persistent inflammatory condition caused by plaque biofilm. To achieve successful periodontal tissue repair and halt disease progression, it is imperative to concurrently address the demands for precise antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic interventions within the profound lesions. Herein, we synthesized an intelligent and efficient nanoplatform for the treatment of periodontitis, combining the synergistic therapeutic effects of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) gas therapy with the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Benefiting from the rapid adhesion to bacteria, responsive CO/NO releasing and ROS generation, the nanoplatform achieved a powerful bactericidal capacity and conspicuous biofilm elimination efficiency under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. In addition, the combination of CO and NO holds paramount significance, and they serve as crucial endogenous signaling molecules capable of regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. This combination not only achieved critical protective effects but also fostered the promotion of osteoblast differentiation.