Sarcomas

Abstract Sarcomas, which comprise less than 1% of malignant tumours, are heterogeneous cancers with different biology and characteristic genetic abnormalities. The common subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma are leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours whereas the common types bone sarcomas are Ewing’s sarcoma, osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Radiotherapy has an established role in the management of adult soft-tissue sarcomas, and Ewing’s sarcoma. In other histological subtypes, the role of radiotherapy is individualized. This chapter discusses the clinical and imaging features of different sarcomas, the role of radiotherapy, and practical details on radiotherapy planning. It also summarizes the evidence underpinning current clinical practice.