CO2 utilization and sequestration in ready-mix concrete—A review

CO2 utilization and sequestration in concrete have been gaining increased attention in recent years. CO2 can be injected into ready-mix concrete, which is defined as carbonation ready-mix concrete (CRC) showing a huge CO2 sequestration potential. CRC technology was comprehensively reviewed in this paper. Firstly, the methods of CRC technology in lab and industrial production were summarized. Then, special attentions were paid to the hydration reaction combined with the carbonation reaction in CRC. The factors affecting the capacity of CO2 sequestration in CRC were also discussed. Furthermore, the workability, mechanical property, and durability of CRC were evaluated. Finally, based on life cycle assessment (LCA), the CO2 footprint and carbon index of CRC were analyzed.