分解水
海水
析氧
贵金属
阳极
催化作用
阴极
氢
人口
化学
纳米技术
材料科学
化学工程
电极
电化学
海洋学
地质学
光催化
物理化学
工程类
社会学
人口学
有机化学
生物化学
作者
Jianyun Liu,Shuo Duan,Hao Shi,Tanyuan Wang,Xiaoxuan Yang,Yunhui Huang,Gang Wu,Qing Li
标识
DOI:10.1002/anie.202210753
摘要
Directly splitting seawater to produce hydrogen provides a promising pathway for energy and environmental sustainability. However, current seawater splitting faces many challenges because of the sluggish kinetics, the presence of impurities, membrane contamination, and the competitive chloride oxidation reaction at the anode, which makes it more difficult than freshwater splitting. This Review firstly introduces the basic mechanisms of the anode and cathode reactions during seawater splitting. We critically analyze the primary principles for designing catalysts for seawater splitting in terms of both the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, including with noble metal, noble metal free, and metal-free catalysts. Strategies to design effective catalysts, such as active site population, synergistic effect regulation, and surface engineering, are discussed. Furthermore, promises, perspectives, and challenges in developing seawater splitting technologies for clean hydrogen generation are summarized.
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