Delivery by Drone: An Evaluation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology in Reducing CO2 Emissions in the Delivery Service Industry

This research paper estimates CO2 emissions and VMT levels of two delivery models, one by trucks and the other by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or “drones.” Using several ArcGIS tools and emission standards within a framework of logistical and operational assumptions, it has been found that emission results vary greatly and are highly dependent on the energy requirements of the drone, as well as the distance it must travel and the number of recipients it serves. Still, general conditions are identified under which drones are likely to provide a CO 2 benefit – when service zones are close to the depot, have small numbers of stops, or both. Additionally, measures of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) for both modes were found to be relatively consistent with existing literature that compares traditional passenger travel with truck delivery.