Sampling designs for soil organic carbon stock assessment of soil profiles

淋溶 软土 横断面 土壤科学 土壤碳 数学 土工试验 采样(信号处理) 土层 抽样设计 环境科学 地质学 土壤水分 物理 人口学 社会学 光学 海洋学 探测器 人口
作者
Yakun Zhang,Alfred E. Hartemink
出处
期刊:Geoderma [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:307: 220-230 被引量:26
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.08.013
摘要

We investigated four sampling designs for soil organic carbon (SOC) stock assessment of soil profiles: (i) sampling by horizons, (ii) vertical transect sampling, (iii) depth-based stratified random sampling, (iv) fuzzy c-means sampling in which we explored the use of vis-NIR spectroscopy, image analysis and color models. An Alfisol and Mollisol profile wall (1 × 1 m) was divided into a 10 × 10 cm raster and 100 samples (about 200 g each) were collected at the centers of grid cells for SOC analysis. Bulk density samples were collected from each 10-cm depth interval along a single vertical transect and the SOC stock was calculated using 100 points in the profile wall. Horizon-based sampling for the Mollisol (5 horizons) ranged from 231 to 262 Mg C ha− 1, whereas it ranged from 69 to 99 Mg C ha− 1 in the Alfisol (3 horizons). The SOC stocks obtained by 1 to 7 vertical transects ranged from 68 to 81 Mg C ha− 1 in the Alfisol, and 239 to 246 Mg C ha− 1 in the Mollisol. Depth-based stratified random sampling resulted in the SOC stocks ranging from 77 to 82 Mg C ha− 1 in the Alfisol and 234 to 257 Mg C ha− 1 in the Mollisol, and the standard errors decreased with increasing sample size from 10 to 70. Fuzzy c-means clustering created clusters similar to the field delineated horizons. A sample size of 7 in both profiles was sufficient to estimate the mean profile SOC stock by fuzzy c-means sampling. The CIE L*a*b* color model resulted in more accurate estimation in the Alfisol, but the vis-NIR spectra resulted in more accurate estimation in the Mollisol. Soil depth improved the performance of vis-NIR spectra. It is concluded that in these soils, at least two or three vertical transects are required to capture the horizontal variation for estimating profile SOC stock. Depth-wise stratified random sampling reduces the number of samples and is suitable when horizontal variation is high. Fuzzy c-means sampling is useful to determine the minimum sample size for profile SOC stock assessment but requires ancillary data and processing before sampling the soil profile.
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