痛风
高尿酸血症
尿酸
医学
尿酸
苯溴马隆
药理学
别嘌呤醇
内科学
内分泌学
作者
Naoyuki Otani,Motoshi Ouchi,Hideo Kudo,Shuichi Tsuruoka,Ichiro Hisatome,Naohiko Anzai
标识
DOI:10.1080/17460441.2020.1755251
摘要
Introduction Inflammation induced by urate deposition in joints causes gout. Healthy individuals maintain serum levels of urate by balancing urate production/excretion, whereas a production/excretion imbalance increases urate levels. Hyperuricemia is diagnosed when the serum urate level is continuously above 7 mg/dl as the solubility limit, and urate accumulates in the kidneys and joints. Because hyperuricemia increases the risk of gout, therapies aim to eliminate urate deposition to prevent gouty arthritis and kidney injury.Areas covered This review discusses the mechanism underlying hyperuricemia with respect to urate production and urate transport, along with urate-lowering therapeutics, including urate synthesis inhibitors, uricolytic enzymes, and uricosuric agents. The authors asses published data on relevant commercial therapy development projects and clinical trials.Expert opinion Available treatment options for hyperuricemia are limited. Allopurinol, a urate synthesis inhibitor, is generally administered at a reduced dosage to patients with renal impairment. Some URAT1 inhibitors have an unfavorable side effect profile. A promising strategy for treatment is the use of uricosuric agents that inhibit transporters (e.g. URAT1, URATv1/GLUT9, OAT10) which reabsorb urate from the urine.
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