Ferroelectric materials for neuroinspired computing applications

In recent years, the emergence of numerous applications of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked a new technological revolution. These applications include facial recognition, autonomous driving, intelligent robotics, and image restoration. However, the data processing and storage procedures in the conventional von Neumann architecture are discrete, which leads to the "memory wall" problem. As a result, such architecture is incompatible with AI requirements for efficient and sustainable processing. Exploring new computing architectures and material bases is therefore imperative. Inspired by neurobiological systems, in-memory and in-sensor computing techniques provide a new means of overcoming the limitations inherent in the von Neumann architecture. The basis of neural morphological computation is a crossbar array of high-density, high-efficiency non-volatile memory devices. Among the numerous candidate memory devices, ferroelectric memory devices with non-volatile polarization states, low power consumption and strong endurance are expected to be ideal candidates for neuromorphic computing. Further research on the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility for these devices is underway and has yielded favorable results. Herein, we first introduce the development of ferroelectric materials as well as their mechanisms of polarization reversal and detail the applications of ferroelectric synaptic devices in artificial neural networks. Subsequently, we introduce the latest developments in ferroelectrics-based in-memory and in-sensor computing. Finally, we review recent works on hafnium-based ferroelectric memory devices with CMOS process compatibility and give a perspective for future developments.