Overview of Theory, Simulation, and Experiment of the Water Exit Problem

The water exit problem, which is ubiquitous in ocean engineering, is a significant research topics in the interaction between navigators and water. The study of the water exit problem can help to improve the structural design of marine ships and underwater weapons, allowing for better strength and movement status. However, the water exit problem involves complex processes such as three-phase gas–liquid–solid coupling, cavitation, water separation, liquid surface deformation, and fragmentation, making it challenging to study. Following work carried out by many researchers on this issue, we summarize recent developments from three aspects: theoretical research, numerical simulation, and experimental results. In theoretical research, the improved von Karman model and linearized water exit model are introduced. Several classical experimental devices, data acquisition means, and cavitation approaches are introduced in the context of experimental development. Three numerical simulation methods, namely, the BEM (Boundary Element Method), VOF (Volume of Fluid), and FVM (Finite Volume Method) with LES (Large Eddy Simulation) are presented, and the respective limitations and shortcomings of these three aspects are analyzed. Finally, an outlook on future research improvements and developments of the water exit problem is provided.