A novel two-part gear tribodynamic model considering tooth profile modification (TPM) is established. One part is a coupling model of gear dynamics and elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory, so that the lubricant-induced backlash reduction and geometry of modified tooth profiles can be described. The other is the Chebyshev subinterval decomposition method that calculates the tribodynamic response intervals efficiently when the correlated uncertainty is considered. Using this model, tribodynamic characteristics of gears with TPM are analyzed. Results show that high viscosity suppresses the torsional and translational vibrations concurrently. Excessive modification amount, length and too small power exponent amplify the vibration and contact pressure. Moreover, the correlated uncertain TPM leads to a nonnegligible influence on the intervals of vibration and contact fatigue life.