Agricultural genetically modified organisms (GMOs) regulation in China

China, which has the largest population of world and is a major consumer of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), is also investing in promoting domestic research on solving national issues regarding agriculture. Undoubtedly, the government of People’s Republic of China offers extraordinary support of GMOs. That’s why they have been promoting research on it in an exponential manner, which started in 1995 with a budget of $40 million and which reached over $3.5 billion in 2020. This increase of close to 1000-fold is highly significant within the time span of two decades. All the investment is meant to develop the GMOs acceptability by spreading awareness among the public. This chapter focuses on the established legislations, administrative measures, regulations and laws of China relating to agricultural GMOs. The supervising bodies of GMOs affairs and their guidelines regarding approval, assessment, cultivation and commercialization of GMOs are highlighted. The hurdles, encountered issues, and restrictions in these processes or on GMO/product are discussed in detail.