Olea europaea leaf exosome-like nanovesicles encapsulated in a hyaluronic acid / tannic acid hydrogel dressing with dual “defense-repair” effects for treating skin photoaging

Photoaging, primarily caused by ultraviolet (UV) light, is the major factor in extrinsic skin aging. Existing anti-photoaging strategies mainly focus on early sun protection or repairing damaged skin, lacking a comprehensive treatment strategy. Therefore, this study developed a dressing that actively shields against UV radiation and repairs photoaged skin, offering double protection. This study utilized exosome-like nanovesicles derived from