Liver–Microbiome Axis in Health and Disease

微生物群 肝性脑病 原发性硬化性胆管炎 肝硬化 免疫学 酒精性肝炎 疾病 脂肪肝 酒精性肝病 肝病 医学 非酒精性脂肪肝 肠道菌群 失调 胃肠病学 生物 内科学 生物信息学
作者
Timon E. Adolph,Christoph Grander,Alexander R. Moschen,Herbert Tilg
出处
期刊:Trends in Immunology [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:39 (9): 712-723 被引量:141
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2018.05.002
摘要

An intestinal microbiome signature is emerging in various liver diseases independent of disease stage. Microbiota profiles may differ between various liver disease etiologies. Microbiota and microbiota-derived factors have a key role in liver cirrhosis and associated pathologies. Advanced liver disease is characterized by a circulating microbiome. Some commensals prevent liver disease in preclinical studies. The intestinal and hepatobiliary tract exhibits host-specific commensal colonization. The resident microbiota has emerged as a key player in intestinal and hepatic diseases. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (ALD/NAFLD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), liver cirrhosis, and some of their clinical complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), have been linked to a microbial signature, as also observed for severe liver inflammation in alcoholic hepatitis. In turn, the liver impacts, and communicates with, the microbiota through hepatic mediators, such as bile acids or inflammatory signals. Therefore, a liver–microbiome bidirectional crosstalk appears to be critical in health and various liver diseases and could be therapeutically targeted, such as by fecal microbiota transplantation. The intestinal and hepatobiliary tract exhibits host-specific commensal colonization. The resident microbiota has emerged as a key player in intestinal and hepatic diseases. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (ALD/NAFLD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), liver cirrhosis, and some of their clinical complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), have been linked to a microbial signature, as also observed for severe liver inflammation in alcoholic hepatitis. In turn, the liver impacts, and communicates with, the microbiota through hepatic mediators, such as bile acids or inflammatory signals. Therefore, a liver–microbiome bidirectional crosstalk appears to be critical in health and various liver diseases and could be therapeutically targeted, such as by fecal microbiota transplantation. liver-derived cholesterol derivates that control digestion, and modulate the microbiota and metabolism. a term for lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. a term for late-stage liver disease (irrespective of the underlying pathology) that is characterized by scarring and fibrosis. all the genetic material present in an environmental sample (i.e., host cells plus microorganisms). the entire microbial flora or collection of microbial genes from bacteria, viruses, or fungi in a given environment (e.g., intestine). usually benign endogenous microbes that might turn pathogenic if ecosystem changes. a complication of liver cirrhosis that is characterized by increased pressure in the portal circulation leading to esophageal varices, spleen enlargement, and other signs of advanced liver disease. a chronic disease with characteristic bile duct strictures that damage the liver, eventually culminating in liver cirrhosis.
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