Xylan-Based Cross-Linked Hydrogel for Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy or PACT has been shown to be a promising antibacterial treatment that could overcome the challenge of multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the use of most existing photosensitizers has been severely hampered by their significant self-quenching effect, poor water solubility, lack of selectivity against bacterial cells, and possible damage to the surrounding tissues. The use of hydrogels may overcome some of these limitations. We herein report a simple strategy to synthesize a cross-linked hydrogel from beech xylan. The hydrogel showed a high swelling ratio, up to 62, an interconnected porous structure, and good mechanical integrity, and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin tetraiodide (TMPyP) was chosen as a model of hydrophilic photosensitizer (PS) and was encapsulated inside the xylan-based hydrogel. TMPyP-loaded hydrogel prolonged release of PS up to 24 h with a cumulative amount that could reach 100%. TMPyP-loaded hydrogel showed a photocytotoxic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus strains, and Bacillus cereus, while no cytotoxicity was observed in the dark.