分子间力
库仑
共价键
经典力学
物理
化学物理
材料科学
量子力学
分子
电子
作者
Jacob N. Israelachvili
出处
期刊:Elsevier eBooks
[Elsevier]
日期:2011-01-01
卷期号:: 53-70
被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-375182-9.10003-x
摘要
This chapter discusses covalent and Coulomb interactions as the strong forces operating within molecules. Covalent forces tightly bind the atoms together within the molecule. They are of short range, that is, they operate over very short distances of the order of interatomic separations. Covalently bonded atoms make up molecules and crystals with well-defined structures that cannot normally melt or liquify without totally breaking the bonds. They tend to sublimate, decompose, or undergo a chemical reaction above some temperature rather than going through the conventional solid-liquid-gas states that are characteristic of physically bonded molecules. This chapter starts with a discussion on covalent or chemical bonding forces, and the differences between physical and chemical bonds. The chapter then explains Coulomb forces (charge–charge interactions). Concepts of ionic crystals and reference states are explained. The chapter gives detailed discussion on the Born energy as well as solubility of ions in different solvents. The chapter concludes with presenting computer simulations and integral equations of many-body systems.
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