Heterogeneous nanocatalysts for sustainable biodiesel production: A review

Recently, biodiesel production gained more attention due to its benefits against environmental pollution. For biodiesel production, heterogeneous catalysts were highly preferred in comparison to homogeneous catalysts due to its effective separation steps for both products and catalysts, eliminate quenching process, and offer conditions for the continuous production system. Recent studies revealed that nanoparticles are widely used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel and usage of heterogeneous nanocatalyst is increasing rapidly. To reach its depth, the current review is focused on the application of various heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the production of biodiesel.