Masquelet technique and osteomyelitis: innovations and literature review.

Wide diaphyseal bone defects, above all those infected, encounter into Masquelet technique a suitable treatment. The two-step procedure allows the surgeon to eliminate the infected tissues and then to promote new bone formation. We analyzed the literature about the use of the induced membrane technique in osteomyelitis and the innovations recently suggested.We reviewed some of the most common web databases using the key-words: Masquelet technique, induced membrane, and osteomyelitis. 66 studies were analyzed.Comparing the Masquelet technique to other surgical procedures it shows better functional results in large bone defects due to infection. The induced membrane is like a biological chamber that protects the autograft and induces new bone formation promoting growth factors secretion. Different authors tried to improve one or more steps of the surgical procedure. Some studies focused on polymethyl methacrylate role and the possibility to use different materials instead of cement to induce the membrane. Others analyzed the autograft harvesting and placing techniques trying to reduce the amount of bone essential to fill the gap, like the RIA technique. Moreover, bone substitutes have been used, as beta-tricalcium phosphate, that showed an osteoconductive ability.The survey is not a systematic review. Nevertheless, new concepts are introduced and analyzed identifying 6 areas of interest and induced membrane technique development.