Robust, self-adhesive, reinforced polymeric nanofilms enabling gas-permeable dry electrodes for long-term application

Significance We have succeeded in fabricating a highly robust, adhesive, gas-permeable free-standing polymeric nanofilm with a thickness of less than 100 nm. A gas-permeable dry electrode comprising of a nanofilm and an Au layer can adhere to the human skin by van der Waals forces alone for 1 wk for high-fidelity electrocardiogram recording. Our method has overcome the major bottleneck in continuously monitoring biosignals for a long period of time with high precision under daily life conditions, opening up new opportunities in a wide range of applications in fields such as medicine, healthcare, sports, fitness, virtual reality, and entertainment.