Prosody in context: a review

AbstractProsody conveys information about the linguistic context of an utterance at every level of linguistic organisation, from the word up to the discourse context. Acoustic correlates of prosody cue this rich contextual information, but interpreting prosodic cues in terms of the lexical, syntactic and discourse information they encode also requires recognising prosodic variation due to speaker, language variety, speech style and other properties of the situational context. This review reveals the complex interaction among contextual factors that influence the phonological form and phonetic expression of prosody. Empirical challenges in prosodic transcription are discussed along with production evidence that reveals striking variability in the phonological encoding of prosody and in its phonetic expression. The review points to the need for a model of prosody that is robust to contextually driven variation affecting the production and perception of prosodic form.Keywords: prosodic variationintonationprominenceprosodic phrasingdiscourse context AcknowledgementsI thank José I. Hualde and Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel for critical input on many of the topics discussed here.FundingThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation BCS 12-51343, IIS 04-14117 and IIS 07-03624.Additional informationFundingFunding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation BCS 12-51343, IIS 04-14117 and IIS 07-03624.