叶蜂
生物
植物
倍半萜
吸引力
膜翅目
语言学
哲学
作者
Diana Köpke,Ivo Beyaert,Jonathan Gershenzon,Monika Hilker,Axel Schmidt
出处
期刊:Phytochemistry
[Elsevier]
日期:2010-04-15
卷期号:71 (8-9): 909-917
被引量:35
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.03.017
摘要
Abstract Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) is known to respond to eggs laid by the sawfly Diprion pini on its needles by releasing a blend of terpenoids, including the sesquiterpene ( E )- β -farnesene. These compounds attract a wasp, Closterocerus ruforum , which parasitizes sawfly eggs. D . pini oviposition also enhances the transcription of two sesquiterpene synthases, an ( E )- β -caryophyllene/ α -humulene synthase ( PsTPS 1) and a 1(10),5-germacradiene-4-ol synthase ( PsTPS 2). To gain a better understanding of the function of these sesquiterpenes in promoting insect egg parasitism, we compared the outcome of D . pini oviposition on P . sylvestris with interactions between other pine and sawfly species: Neodiprion sertifer eggs on P . sylvestris , Gilpinia pallida eggs on P . sylvestris , D . pini eggs on Pinus nigra . The first of these attracts the parasitoid C . ruforum , while the latter two do not. As determined by quantitative real-time PCR, both PsTPS 1 and PsTPS 2 transcripts increased significantly only for those species combinations where the odor of egg–laden pine needles was attractive to C . ruforum . Moreover, enhanced transcription of these genes was found only at those time periods when odor was attractive, i.e. 3 days after oviposition. Thus, the PsTPS 1 and PsTPS 2 genes are good markers for parasitoid attraction. We also characterized a sesquiterpene synthase from P . sylvestris ( PsTPS 5) which produces ( E )- β -farnesene, the compound previously determined to be responsible for C . ruforum attraction. However, transcript levels of PsTPS 5 were not enhanced by oviposition of sawfly species that cause C . ruforum attraction. More research on this experimental system is required to determine the role of oviposition-induced sesquiterpenes in attracting egg parasitoids and the role of sesquiterpene synthases in regulating sesquiterpene formation.
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