炉子
固体燃料
燃烧
环境科学
煤
微粒
生物量(生态学)
碳纤维
排放清单
废物管理
空气污染
材料科学
化学
工程类
复合材料
有机化学
地质学
海洋学
复合数
作者
Ryan Thompson,Jihua Li,Cheryl Weyant,Rufus Edwards,Qing Lan,Nathaniel Rothman,Wei Hu,Jin Dang,Andy Dang,Kirk R. Smith,Tami C. Bond
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.8b07040
摘要
Emission factors of carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC), as well as combustion efficiency and particle optical properties were measured during 37 uncontrolled cooking tests of residential stoves in Yunnan Province, China. Fuel mixtures included coal, woody biomass, and agricultural waste. Compared to previously published emission measurements of similar stoves, these measurements have higher CO and PM2.5 emission factors. Real-time data show two distinct burn phases: a devolatilization phase after fuel addition with high PM2.5 emissions and a solid-fuel combustion phase with low PM2.5 emissions. The average emission factors depend on the relative contributions of these phases, which are affected by the services provided by the stoves. Differences in stove and fuel characteristics that are not represented in emission inventories affect the variability of emission factors much more than do the type of solid fuel or stove. In developing inventories with highly variable sources such as residential solid-fuel combustion, we suggest that (1) all fuels should be accounted for, not just the primary fuel; (2) the household service provided should be emphasized rather than specific combinations of solid fuels and devices; and (3) the devolatilization phase should be explicitly measured and represented.
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