Uncaria rhynchophylla alkaloid extract exerts neuroprotective activity against Parkinson's disease via activating mitophagy with the involvement of UCHL1

Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. (UR), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, plays an active role in neuroprotection. Clinical medication and modern pharmacological studies have proved the efficacy of UR against Parkinson's disease (PD), with alkaloids being recognized as the main bioactive components. But the therapeutic effect and mechanism U. rhynchophylla alkaloid extract (URA) against PD need further exploration.