Unmasking the Electrochemiluminescence Properties of Ternary Mn/Fe/Co Metals Doped Porous g-C3N4 Fiber-like Nanostructure

Graphitic-phase carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) materials have exhibited increasingly remarkable performance as emerging electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters, owing to their unique optical and electronic properties; however, the ECL merits of porous g-C₃N₄ nanofibers doped with ternary metals are not yet explored. Deciphering the ECL properties of trimetal-doped g-C₃N₄ nanofibers could provide an exquisite pathway for ultrasensitive sensing and imaging with impressive advantages of minimal background signal, great sensitivity, and durability. Herein, we rationally synthesized g-C₃N₄ nanofibers doped atomically with Mn, Fe, and Co elements (Mn/Fe/Co/g-C₃N₄) in a one-pot via the protonation in ethanol and annealing process driven by the rolling up mechanism. The ECL performance of g-C₃N₄ with and without metal dopants was investigated and compared with standard Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ in the presence of potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) as the coreactant. Notably, g-C₃N₄ nanofibers doped with metal ions exhibited an ECL efficiency of 483% that was 4.83 times higher than that of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺. Mechanistic investigations unveiled that the g-C₃N₄ nanofibers possess a large surface area and, as a result, exhibit a reduced interfacial impedance within the porous microstructure. These factors contribute to the acceleration of charge transfer rates and the stabilization of charge carriers and excitons, ultimately facilitating the ECL process. This research endeavor may pave the way for a new hot research area and serves as a powerful tool for elucidating fundamental inquiries of ECL on one-dimensional g-C₃N₄ nanostructures.