Photocurable 3D‐Printed PMBG/TCP Scaffold Coordinated with PTH (1‐34) Bidirectionally Regulates Bone Homeostasis to Accelerate Bone Regeneration

Bone defect repair remains a major clinical challenge that requires the construction of scaffolds that can regulate bone homeostasis. In this study, a photo-cured mesoporous bioactive glass (PMBG) precursor is developed as a tricalcium phosphate (TCP) agglomerant to obtain a double-phase PMBG/TCP scaffold via 3D printing. The scaffold exhibits multi-scale porous structures and large surface areas, making it a suitable carrier for the loading of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34), which is used for the treatment of osteoporosis. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that PMBG/TCP scaffolds coordinated with PTH (1-34) can regulate bone homeostasis in a bidirectional manner to facilitate bone formation and inhibit bone resorption. Furthermore, bidirectional regulation of bone homeostasis by PTH (1-34) is achieved by inhibiting fibrogenic activation protein (FAP). Thus, PMBG/TCP scaffolds coordinated with PTH (1-34) are viable materials with considerable potential for application in the field of bone regeneration and provide an excellent solution for the design and development of clinical materials.